HIS - Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath 2 MARKS

HIS - Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath 2 MARKS 

1.How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?

Answer : (i) In 1894 Japan forced a war on China. The crushing defeat of China by

little Japan in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) surprised the world.

(ii) Despite the warning of the three great powers Russia, Germany, and France -

Japan annexed the Liaotung peninsula with Port Arthur.

(iii) By this action, Japan proved that it was the strongest nation of the East Asia.

2.Name the countries in the Triple Entente.

Answer : Britain, France and Russia.

3.What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?

Answer : England's jingoism, France's chauvinism, and Germany's Kultur were

militant forms of nationalism, contributing decisively to the outbreak of war.

4.What do you know of trench warfare?

Answer : Trench Warfare:

(i) Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect

themselves from enemy fire.

(ii) The typical trench system in World War consisted of two to four trench lines

running parallel to each other.

(iii) Each trench was dug in a type of zigzag so that no enemy, standing at one end,

could fire for more than a few yards down its length.

(iv) The main lines of trenches were connected to each other and to the rear by a

series of linking trenches through which food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail, and

orders were delivered.

5.What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?

Answer : (i) Turkey's rebirth as a nation to the role played by Mustafa Kemal

Pasha.

(ii) He was the first president of Turkey from 1923 - 1938.

(iii) Kemal Pasha modernized Turkey and changed it out of all recognition. He put an end to the Sultanate and the Caliphate. The support of the Soviet Union was of

great help to him.

6.Highlight the global influence of Russian Revolution?

Answer : (i) The revolution fired people's imagination across the world. In many

countries, communist parties were formed.

(ii) The Russian communist government encouraged the colonies to fight for their

freedom.

(iii) Debates over key issues, land reforms, social welfare, workers'rights, and

gender equality started taking place in a global context.

7. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.

Answer : (i) The unanimity of members was required for all its decisions on political

issues. Since it lacked the military power of its own, it could not enforce its

decisions.

(ii) The founders of this peace organization underestimated the power of

nationalism. The principle of "collective security' could not be applied in actual

practice.

8. Why is 20 century called 'the long twentieth century' by historions?

Answer : (i) 1914 is a turning point in world history.

(ii) The political and social processes that began in 1789 culminated in the First

World War that broke out in that year and decisively shaped the course of the

twentieth century.

(iii) Historians therefore call this as 'the long twentieth century'.

9. How was the surplus wealth produced by capitalist industry used?

Answer : The aim of capitalistic industry was to produce more and more. The

surplus wealth thus produced was used to build more factories, railways,

steamships or other such undertakings.

10. What is a Trust?

Answer : A trust is an industrial organization engaged in the production or

distribution of any commodity. The trust would possess adequate control over the

supply and price of that commodity to its own advantage.